近年来，成都地区在全面贯彻新发展理念的时代背景下，中心城区产业转型发展，工业退二进三，遗留的铁路工业遗产建筑因其厚重的历史文化、独特的构造工艺和传奇的工程成就，成为工业遗产中富有表现力的类型之一。它们反映了中国三线建设时期的工业化水平、建筑技术水平、经济发展水平和政治经济，成为“中苏友谊”的历史见证。已有研究关注铁路工业遗产建筑民用化改造，多数节能研究只针对普通建筑，对铁路工业遗产办公类建筑节能性及内部环境的关注度不高，相关的研究并不丰富。
铁路工业遗产办公类建筑，多为三线建设时期前苏联专家指导修建，其建造经费相比于同时期普通建筑更加充足，因此施工质量和设计工艺更加精细，在构造上更注重其承载能力和防火性能，围护结构的施工工艺及材料厚度等方面相对特殊，多数采用砖混、砖木结构建造，保留传统中式庑殿顶盖小青瓦等元素、带有明显“中苏结合”特征。
由于建造时间相对久远，并且围护结构风化程度较高，施工材料导热系数也相对更大，单纯通过保护性修缮无法明显提升其热工性能。因此，探究怎样才能够在不损害城市文脉、铁路工业遗产办公类建筑史信息的条件之下，对其进行热工性能提升，从而改善建筑热环境，实现保护、再生利用两手抓，并且降低能耗成为当下一个关键的科研问题。
本文以作为四川省级文物保护单位的成都机车车辆厂厂部办公楼围护结构为例，对其节能改造技术策略展开调研与研究。该文包含以下内容：
第一部分，绪论。对研究的相关背景、概念、目的、意义、内容、方法、对象等进行介绍。
第二部分，介绍了铁路工业遗产办公类建筑的特点，从夏热冬冷地区的建筑节能设计要求入手，引入遗产建筑围护结构节能设计的基本原则，并介绍后期模拟所用的软件和技术方法，为后续研究提供理论基础。
第三部分，说明了调研的目的与内容，调研方法的选择，调研仪器的准备，调研时间的安排及测点的布置。对成都机车车辆厂内的铁路工业遗产办公类建筑的现状进行了实地调查，并结合围护结构热工性能分析，热环境测试数据和问卷调研结果进行了综合分析。归纳了铁路工业遗产办公类建筑围护结构热工性能缺陷问题以及相关实例优化方案，以期为后文提供原始数据与理论基础。
第四部分，对铁路工业遗产办公类建筑的节能优化原则进行了梳理，提出了外墙、屋面与外窗修缮结合的节能措施，并对成都机车车辆厂厂部办公楼进行建模，采用PKPM-energy对墙体、屋面与外窗三种围护结构单一要素进行节能改造模拟分析，并对其投资回收期进行了计算，对各种围护结构的节能改造技术提出了建议。
在第五部分，主要对成都机车车辆厂厂部办公楼的围护结构进行组合模拟分析，以便根据当前铁路工业遗产办公类建筑的现状，将需要改造的部位划分为四种不同的优化模型：墙体+外窗、屋面+外窗、墙体+屋面、全面优化。并且将使用正交试验法，以确定最佳的优化组合方案，并对其经济性进行验证。
第六部分，总结研究结论。根据前文各部分分析的研究基础，对围护结构节优化技术进行总结。然后提出基于不同改造方案的具体优化策略建议，从而利于指导以后的项目实践。
本次研究经过量化分析，拟定出了研究对象围护结构最优的节能优化策略，对铁路工业遗产办公类建筑节能改造提供了指导，在不损坏建筑风貌的前提下提高能耗使用效益，完善其更新保护再利用体系，促进成都地区铁路工业遗产办公类建筑保护进度，也可为国内其他同类遗产建筑节能改造提供参考。

The Chengdu region has recently devoted more and more attention to the preservation of railroad industrial heritage structures in order to foster a high-caliber urban renewal. There have been studies focusing on civilization transformation of railway industrial heritage buildings, and most of the energy-saving studies only focus on ordinary buildings, with little attention to the energy-saving properties and internal environment of heritage buildings, and there are not abundant related studies.
Most of the railroad industrial heritage buildings were built under the guidance of Soviet experts during the Third Line construction period, and their construction funds were more adequate than those of ordinary buildings in the same period, so the construction quality and design techniques were more refined, and the construction techniques and material thickness of the enclosure structure were relatively special, and most of them were built with brick-concrete and brick-wood structures, retaining traditional Chinese hipped Most of the buildings were adorned with small green tiles and roofs. are built with brick and brick-wood structures and retain traditional Chinese hipped roofs with small green tiles and other elements, with obvious "Sino-Soviet" characteristics.
Due to the relatively long construction period, the enclosure structure is severely weathered and the thermal conductivity of the construction materials is relatively large, so the thermal performance cannot be significantly improved by protective repair alone. Therefore, it is an important research problem to explore how to improve the thermal performance of the building without destroying the urban heritage and historical information of the railroad industrial heritage buildings, in order to improve the thermal environment of the building, to achieve both protection and full renovation, and to reduce energy consumption.
In this paper, the envelope structure of the railroad industrial heritage building of Chengdu Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory, which is a provincial-level heritage protection single in Sichuan, is taken as the research object, and its energy-saving renovation technology strategy is discussed and studied. The article includes the following contents:
In Part I, the study's background, concept, purpose, significance, content, and method are all presented.
Beginning with the energy-saving design needs of buildings in hot-summer and cold-winter regions, the second part introduces the features of railroad industrial heritage structures, outlines the fundamental principles of energy-saving design for heritage building envelopes, and explains the software and research techniques used in the simulation to provide a theoretical foundation for the subsequent research.
In the third part, the preparatory work before the research is described, including formulating the research purpose and content, selecting the research method, testing the research instruments, arranging the research time and the measurement point arrangement.An in-depth examination of the Chengdu railroad industrial heritage buildings is conducted in the field, combining the thermal performance analysis of the envelope, thermal environment test data, and questionnaire research results to create a comprehensive analysis. To summarize the problems of inadequate thermal performance of railroad industrial heritage building envelope structures and provide original data for the later paper.
A model of the Chengdu Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works Factory Building is established, with energy-saving measures combined with wall, roof, and exterior window repairs proposed, in the fourth part of the process of optimizing heritage buildings for energy conservation. PKPM-energy is used to implement single-element energy-saving optimization simulations of three envelope structures: walls, roofs and exterior windows, and the payback period is analyzed, and recommendations related to energy-saving technologies for each envelope component are put forward.
In the fifth part, the combination simulation analysis of each part of the envelope of the factory building is carried out. According to the different status quo and renovation parts of the railroad industrial heritage building, the multi-element collaborative optimization scheme is divided into three optimization types: wall + exterior window improvement combination, roof + exterior window improvement combination and wall + roof + exterior window comprehensive improvement combination, and the best comprehensive optimization scheme is selected by orthogonal test method for economic verification.
The sixth part, the summary, elaborates the research conclusions.A synopsis of the envelope energy-saving retrofit technology is conducted, based on the examination in the prior sections. In turn, specific technical strategy recommendations based on different retrofitting situations are derived for guiding engineering practice.
Quantitatively, this study proposes an energy-saving optimization strategy for the envelope structure of the object under examination, offering direction for the optimization design of railroad industrial heritage buildings to maximize energy utilization.Enhancing its preservation and reuse, Chengdu's heritage building protection is advanced, while efficiency without compromising its historical look is maintained. Additionally, this can be used as a benchmark for optimizing energy-saving for other heritage buildings. of the same type nationwide.