我国沉管隧道技术研究起步较晚，虽然经过最近几十年的发展，已成功修建了10余座沉管隧道，但总体而言，与世界发达国家相比，我国的沉管技术仍相对落后。在此期间，国内一些高校和科研机构在沉管隧道测量领域已经取得了一定的研究成果，成功指导并修建了一批沉管隧道，但这些沉管隧道大多规模较小，对贯通测量要求较低。目前，国内针对大型沉管隧道贯通测量的研究微乎其微，但沉管隧道贯通测量工作是整个测控系统中的重要组成部分，也是关系到整个沉管隧道能否顺利贯通的重要环节。一方面，贯通测量通过对已沉管节进行洞内测量，可指导后续管节的沉放工作；另一方面，对于预制型最终接头的沉管隧道，只有通过贯通测量，得到最终接头模型，才能进行最终接头的预制及安装，保证整个沉管隧道工程顺利贯通。
本文将沉管隧道贯通测量分为洞内导线测量和最终接头测量两个部分。对于洞内导线测量部分：首先，提出了几种大致可行的测量方案；然后，通过对测角测边精度、导线边长、导线网型和加测陀螺方位角等几个因素进行分析研究，总结出各项因素对沉管隧道横向贯通误差的影响值；最后，综合分析提出了对于不同长度的沉管隧道应选择哪一种洞内导线测量方案，即能使其横向贯通误差满足设计要求。对于最终接头测量部分：主要研究分析预制型最终接头，首先提出了四种获取最终接头预制模型参数的测量方法，分别是洞内导线法、测量塔法、三维激光扫描法和声纳法；然后对各方法的测量原理及过程进行阐述，并对其测量精度进行分析；最后总结出各方法的优缺点及适用范围，可为工程应用提供参考。
本文首先介绍了沉管隧道的历史及技术发展、国内外针对沉管隧道沉放测量及贯通测量的研究现状；接着，通过对实际工程的研究学习，总结了沉管隧道建设过程中所需的各项测量工作，并分别对各环节测量原理和方法进行阐述；然后，重点探讨了贯通测量导线精度分析；最后编写了满足课题实验所需的测量数据处理程序，并通过实例验证其可行性。通过本文的研究，不仅能够对于测量人员学习了解沉管隧道测量知识提供参考，而且，在沉管隧道工程测量中，也可为施工人员制定贯通测量技术方案提供参考，同时，该研究对于沉管隧道贯通测量的进一步研究具有一定的参考价值。
 

The study of immersed tube tunnel in China appeared relatively late. Although more than 10 immersed tube tunnels have been successfully developed for recent decades in China, compared with some developed ries, the technology of the immersed tube tunnel is relatively backwardness in China. In the meantime, some domestic universities and research institutions have achieved results for the study of immersed tube tunnel. Also they have successfully completed a number of immersed tunnels. At present, there are few studies about the breakthrough measurement of large-scale immersed tube tunnels are conducted. However, breakthrough measurement of immersed tunnel plays an important role for not only the entire control system, but also the successful breakthrough of the tunnel. On the one hand, breakthrough measurement of the immersed tube section, it can be used to guide the sinking of the subsequent pipe section; on the other hand, for the immersed tunnel, the final joint model can only be obtained breakthrough measurement, and then the final joint can be prefabricated and installed to ensure that the whole immersed tunnel works smoothly.
In this thesis, the breakthrough measurement of immersed tube tunnel is divided into two parts, the traversing inside the tunnel and the final joint measurement. For the traversing inside the tunnel, several feasible schemes are put forward first, which is followed by the analysis of some factors such as the precision of angle and side, the length of the traverse leg, the form of the traverse network and the gyro azimuth. Then, the influences of each factor on the transverse breakthrough precision of the immersed tube tunnel can be summarized. Finally, how to the schemes of traversing inside the tunnel can satisfy the requirements of traverse breakthrough accuracy for different lengths of the immersed tube tunnels are given in this thesis. For the final joint measurement: the prefabricated final joint is mainly studied and analyzed. Firstly, four kinds of measuring methods for obtaining the final joint preform model parameters are presented, which are the method of conducting wire in the tunnel, the measuring tower, the 3D laser scanning method and the acoustic method; Then the principle and process of each method are described, and the measurement accuracy is analyzed; Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are summarized, which can provide reference for engineering practice.
Firstly, this thesis introduces the history and technology development of immersed tube tunnel, and the research status quo of the immersed tunnel measurement and penetration measurement at home and abroad; Then, through the study of the actual project, this thesis summarizes the construction of the tunnel during the construction of the required measurement work, and each link measurement principles and methods are described; Then, the precision of the traverse measurement is discussed; Finally, the test data processing program is designed to meet the requirements of the experiment. Through the study of this thesis, it can not only provide a reference for the researchers to learn the knowledge of the immersed tube tunnel, but also provide reference for the construction personnel to make the technique scheme of the breakthrough measurement for the immersed tube tunnel. Besides, the study of this thesis will help the research on the breakthrough measurement of the immersed tunnel in the future.